What does phenotype represent in genetics?

Phenotype represents the observable characteristics or traits of an individual, which are determined by the interaction of their genetic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors. This means that phenotype encompasses a wide range of attributes, such as physical appearance, behavior, and physiological traits, shaped by both inherited genetic information and the influence of environmental conditions.

For example, a person may have the potential for tallness due to their genetic makeup, but if they experience malnutrition during their growth years, this may affect their final height. Thus, understanding phenotype is crucial in genetics as it illustrates how genetics and environment collaborate to produce the diverse traits seen within a population.

The other options touch on related concepts but do not capture the definition of phenotype itself. The genetic makeup refers to the underlying genotype, the process of inheritance deals with how traits are passed from one generation to the next, and the structure of DNA focuses on the molecular aspects of genetics. Only the correct answer encompasses the full range of influences on observable traits.