What does the term 'modelling' refer to in psychology?

The term 'modelling' in psychology primarily refers to the process of imitating the behavior of a role model. This concept is central to social learning theory, which suggests that individuals can learn new behaviors by observing and imitating others. Through modelling, people not only adopt the observed behaviors but may also internalize values, attitudes, and emotional responses exhibited by others, thus playing a significant role in shaping social behavior and influencing personal development.

This imitation can occur in various contexts, such as in family settings, peer groups, or through media. By watching someone perform a task and subsequently mimicking their actions, individuals can acquire new skills and understand societal norms.

The other terms in the question relate to aspects of learning and behavior but do not encapsulate the full meaning of 'modelling'. Motor reproduction refers to the actual physical ability to replicate observed behaviors, cognitive processes involve the mental activities related to learning but do not emphasize imitation in social contexts, and social learning encompasses a broader theory that includes modelling but is not limited to this specific behavior alone. Therefore, 'imitating behavior of a role model' accurately defines the essence of modelling in psychology.